ArticlePloS one2026
Bacterial community associated with the surface and inside of centipede forcipules: Identification and characterization.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundIn tropical to subtropical regions, centipede bites may prompt medical attention, with manifestations largely reflecting venom-related discomfort, although infections, including rare fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), have been reported. However, no reports are available on the commensal bacteria on centipede forcipules.
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate bacterial species residing on and in centipede forcipules and their potential role in post-bite infections.
methodsNine Scolopendra mutilans, three Scolopendra japonica, and two Bothropolys rugosus were collected from three regions in Japan. The bacterial composition of their forcipules was analyzed using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and microbiome analysis.
findingsA diverse bacterial community was observed on the centipede forcipules. Among the NSTI-associated genera examined (Escherichia, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus), only Staphylococcus was identified as a minor population.
conclusionThis study provides the first evidence that some bacteria found on centipede forcipules have been previously isolated from centipede bite infections. The risk of infection from bacteria on centipede forcipules during a centipede bite appears low. However, the presence of diverse bacterial species emphasizes the importance of thoroughly cleaning centipede bite wounds to prevent secondary infection.
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