ArticlePloS one2026
Determinants and strategies for environmental compliance in municipalities: Perspectives from KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundA commitment to local environmental compliance is essential for ensuring a sustainable environment for future generations. Despite South Africa's extensive environmental laws, municipalities persistently exhibit non-compliance due to inadequate institutional capacity, political interference, and fragmented coordination.
methodsThis study examines the determinants and strategies influencing environmental compliance in South African municipalities. Utilizing a qualitative research approach and the case study design, 10 municipalities within the KwaZulu-Natal province were sampled, 27 comprehensive interviews were conducted with 16 municipal officials, four environmental consultants (ECs), and seven environmental management inspectors (EMIs).
resultsThe findings suggest that institutional capacity, regulatory enforcement, and political support are crucial determinants of compliance. Furthermore, the study identifies awareness, capacity building, and organisational restructuring as pivotal strategies for enhancing environmental compliance.
conclusionsImproving municipal environmental compliance requires stronger leadership commitment, institutional capacity, consistent enforcement, and collaboration. The study contributes to environmental governance and sustainability by elucidating the role of institutional dynamics and political influence in shaping compliance. It provides a foundation for stakeholders, future research, and policy development aimed at effective environmental compliance.
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