Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41543787›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Low-risk Cesareans Across the US: A Decomposition of Individual- and County-level Factors by Race/Ethnicity.

Abhery Das, Samantha Gailey, Alison Gemmill, Aline Vandenbroeck, Brenda Bustos, Tim A Bruckner

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Abhery DasDivision of Health Policy & Administration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. abhery@uic.edu.
Samantha GaileyDepartment of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Alison GemmillDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Aline VandenbroeckDivision of Health Policy & Administration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Brenda BustosDepartment of Health, Society & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Joe C Wen School of Population and Public Health, Irvine, CA, USA.
Tim A BrucknerDepartment of Health, Society & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Joe C Wen School of Population and Public Health, Irvine, CA, USA.

Funding

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD103736
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-Hispanic (NH) Black birthing persons show the highest prevalence of low-risk cesareans (30.8%), compared to NH White birthing persons (25.3%). Individual, as well as place-based and ecological factors, may contribute to this racial disparity. We examine individual- and county-level characteristics that contribute to the racial disparity, as well as the extent to which the disparity can be attributed to differences in measured characteristics of racial groups. We retrieved data on all live births in the US, between 1998 to 2018, from natality files assembled by the National Center of Health Statistics Division of Vital Statistics. We conduct an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition of all low-risk births (> 11 million) from all counties in the US. We find that differences in measured characteristics comprise 47.5% of the racial disparity. Older maternal age, higher birthweight percentile, and unmarried status contribute the greatest towards widening the disparity, whereas contextual factors, such as county-level poverty and education, play a more complex and nuanced role. Given that over half of the disparity remains unexplained, it indicates that unmeasured differences - either due to treatment of racial groups, patient preferences, or other healthcare supply-side factors - could play a significant role. Future research should investigate additional antecedents of low-risk cesareans among NH Black birthing persons.

Indexed as

CesareanDelivery methodLow-risk cesareansLow-risk pregnanciesRacial differences

Identifiers

PMID41543787

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.