Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41542798›Full record

ReviewMolecular oncology2026

European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - organised cancer screening programmes.

Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Marc Arbyn, Anssi Auvinen, David Baldwin, Xavier Castells, Andrea DeCensi, Solveig Hofvind, Urska Ivanus, Carlo Senore, Mangesh Thorat and 10 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Esther Toes-ZoutendijkPublic Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4001-2949
Marc ArbynUnit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
Anssi AuvinenFaculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland.
David BaldwinNottingham University Hospitals, Respiratory Medicine Unit, David Evans Centre, Nottingham City Hospital Campus, UK.
Xavier CastellsDepartment of Epidemiology and Evaluation, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
Andrea DeCensiEO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2635-4491
Solveig HofvindDepartment of Breast Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Urska IvanusDepartment of Cervical Cancer Screening, Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Carlo SenoreEpidemiology and screening unit - CPO, University hospital Città della Salute e dela Scienza, Turin, Italy.
Mangesh ThoratCentre for Cancer Screening, Prevention and Early Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8673-5320
Carlijn van der AalstPublic Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes PintoIberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1505-877X
Javier BracchiglioneIberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
Ariadna FeliuInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0033-9026
Hajo ZeebLeibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
Erica D'SouzaInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0002-0744-665X
David RitchieInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4816-113X
Carolina EspinaInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6848-4687
Andre L CarvalhoInternational Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France.
Iris Lansdorp-VogelaarPublic Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Funding

European Union from the EU4Health programme 101075240World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 5th edition of the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC5) recommends sustainable, organised screening programmes for: (a) colorectal cancer using biennial quantitative faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for individuals aged 50-74 years. As an alternative strategy, once-only endoscopy may be considered within the same age range; (b) breast cancer using biennial digital mammography for women aged 50-69 years. Implementing this strategy for women aged 45-49 years and 70-74 years can be considered. Other screening strategies or additional examinations could be considered for women with high mammographic density; (c) cervical cancer using human papillomavirus (HPV) screening at intervals no shorter than 5 years for women aged 30-65 years. It is recommended to adapt policies according to vaccination status and screening history; and (d) lung cancer using annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for individuals considered to be at increased risk of lung cancer based on age, history of smoking or validated risk models, with biennial screening as an alternative. Screening should incorporate smoking cessation interventions.

Indexed as

Early Detection of CancerNeoplasmsAgedBreast NeoplasmsColorectal NeoplasmsEuropeFemaleHumansMammographyMass ScreeningMiddle AgedUterine Cervical Neoplasmsbreast cancercervical cancercolorectal cancerEuropeEuropean Code Against Cancerlung cancerorganised cancer screeningprostate

Identifiers

PMID41542798
PMCPMC12809467

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.