ArticleFrontiers in neurology2025
Trends and projections of smoking-attributable ischemic stroke mortality in China, 1990-2035: a global burden of disease study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke and remains a significant public health challenge in China. Understanding long-term mortality trends attributable to smoking is essential for guiding prevention and policy interventions. Methods: We analyzed smoking-attributable ischemic stroke mortality in China from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. Temporal patterns were assessed using Joinpoint regression, and age, period, and cohort effects were evaluated using the age-period-cohort (APC) model. Future mortality trends were projected up to 2035 using a Bayesian APC model. Results: Overall age-standardized mortality declined from 1990 to 2021, with a sharper decrease in women (AAPC -2.65%) than in men (AAPC -0.58%). APC analysis showed increasing mortality risk with age and distinct cohort patterns between sexes. Bayesian projections indicate that smoking-attributable ischemic stroke mortality in China will continue to decline slowly over the next decade, with only a mild plateau after 2030 among older men but no substantial rebound. Conclusion: Smoking remains a substantial contributor to ischemic stroke mortality in China, with persistent gender disparities. Although short-term declines are expected to continue, demographic aging and historical smoking patterns may slow future progress. Strengthened, targeted tobacco control strategies particularly for middle-aged and older men are essential to prevent a resurgence in smoking-attributable stroke mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.