Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41542109›Full record

ArticleKidney international reports2026

Characterizing the NIH Activity and Chronicity Indices in 2 Independent Lupus Nephritis Cohorts.

Valentina Querin, Natasha Jordan, David P D'Cruz, David Isenberg, Suzanne Wilhelmus, Helmut Schumacher, H Terence Cook, Augusto Vaglio, Ingeborg M Bajema

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Article in Kidney international reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Valentina QuerinDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Natasha JordanRheumatology Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
David P D'CruzThe Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
David IsenbergDivision of Medicine, Department of Ageing, Rheumatology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
Suzanne WilhelmusPathan B.V., Laboratory for Pathology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Helmut SchumacherStatistical Consultant, Ingelheim, Germany.
H Terence CookDepartment of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Augusto VaglioDepartment of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
Ingeborg M BajemaDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The inclusion of National Institutes of Health (NIH) activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI) in the ISN/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification of lupus nephritis (LN) aims to provide a precise characterization of the amount of active and chronic lesions next to lupus class. We here investigate the distribution of NIH indices within 2 international LN cohorts, their relationship with the ISN/RPS classes and which lesions most significantly contribute to these scores. Methods: We collected 194 biopsies from 2 cohorts of patients with LN and calculated the NIH AI and CI according to the revised 2018 ISN/RPS classification. For statistical analysis we mainly used nonparametric tests. An exploratory factor analysis was applied to the lesion scores. Results: The NIH AI score was usually medium-low, reaching a maximum value of 16 of 24, whereas the NIH CI reached 10 of 12. Both indices were higher in classes III, IV, and mixed compared with others ( Conclusion: This study revealed key aspects of the NIH AI and CI that may guide future modifications of these indices, leading to a more balanced and reliable scoring system.

Indexed as

activity indexchronicity indexhistopathological classificationlupus nephritis

Identifiers

PMID41542109
PMCPMC12800592

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.