ArticleCureus2025
Short-Term Outcome of Foam Sclerotherapy With Sodium Tetradecyl Sulphate for the Treatment of Venous Malformation in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Single-Centre Experience.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundTreatment of venous malformations is challenging for physicians. Previously, surgery was regarded as the only treatment option. Recently, sclerotherapy has been proven to be a low-cost, effective, and convenient substitute with minimal discomfort and blood loss. It doesn't require local anaesthesia or postoperative care, allowing for immediate return to daily activities. This paper objectives to account for a single-centre experience with the use of foam sclerotherapy using sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) for venous malformations and to present the short-term clinical outcome, including symptom improvement, safety, and size reduction.
methodsA prospective study was conducted in the Vascular Surgery Department, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU) between July 2021 to December 2021. We selected 21 patients with low-flow venous malformations confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and duplex ultrasonography. All the patients received STS foam sclerotherapy after clinical and radiological assessment. Each lesion received multiple sessions. A follow-up was done for radiological and clinical improvement of the lesions.
resultThe median age of the participant was 17 (12, 29) years. Around half of the participants (n=9; 42.9%) were from the 11-20 years of age group, with almost a similar sex distribution. Both upper and lower limbs were the most commonly affected regions (n=9, 42.9%; in each limb). Swelling was observed in all participants, and 16 presented with pain. After sclerotherapy, swelling and pain decreased in all participants (100%). A total of nine (42.9%) participants required three sessions of sclerotherapy, followed by eight (37.2%) patients who required four sessions. Several sessions of 3-4 ml of STS were required by 38.1% (n=8) participants, followed by 33% (n=7) requiring 2-2.9 ml/session. All participants experienced pain following sclerotherapy. While 14 (66.7%) of the participants obtained ≥50% response, among them five (23.8%) were completely reduced. The other seven (33.3%) cases resulted in <50% resolution.
conclusionOverall, STS sclerotherapy is an effective treatment procedure for low-flow venous malformations with a low complication rate. Moreover, it offers a convenient and cost-effective outpatient-based treatment option to most patients with uncomplicated venous malformations.
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