ArticleJournal of orthopaedic case reports2026
Correlation of Serum Vitamin D Levels and Incidence of Lateral Epicondylitis of the Elbow: An Observational Study in Eastern India.
Article in Journal of orthopaedic case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) or tennis elbow is a degenerative condition that causes pain and tenderness at the lateral aspect of the elbow, usually secondary to repetitive strain of wrist extensors. Although there is a well-defined association between musculoskeletal disorders and environmental, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors, the etiological role of Vitamin D in musculoskeletal diseases is still an area of active research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and the incidence of LE among a population in Eastern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects, 75 with diagnosed LE and 75 age- and sex-matched controls, were studied cross-sectionally. Serum Vitamin D concentrations were determined and calculated for the possible association with LE prevalence and severity. Results: A total of 75 cases and 75 controls were analyzed. Both groups were comparable in age and gender. Mean serum Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (15.3 ± 7.2 vs. 28.5 ± 10.1 ng/mL, P < 0.001), with Vitamin D deficiency more common among cases (70% vs. 22%). Serum Vitamin D level was strongly negatively correlated with LE (Pearson's r = -0.62, P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency increased the odds for LE by over threefold (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.8-5.6). This association remained significant across subgroups, with the highest prevalence observed in those performing repetitive upper-limb activities. Conclusion: The study showed a strong negative correlation between the low serum Vitamin D status and the occurrence of LE, implicating a possible role for Vitamin D in the pathogenesis of this disease. This emphasizes the clinical significance of Vitamin D status monitoring in at-risk subjects for LE development and its role in both preventive and therapeutic treatment.
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