ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Hepatitis D Virus Seroconversion Rate Among People With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in France and The Gambia (Inci-D).
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Superinfection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) leads to a more aggressive form of chronic hepatitis B. While around 5% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals are estimated to be hepatitis B virus (HBV)-HDV dually infected globally, the time point of superinfection is unknown and repeated HDV testing is not yet supported by international guidelines. Inci-D is a post hoc analysis from 2 prospective cohorts to evaluate the HDV superinfection rate. Method: The Inci-D cohort consists of 2 HBV cohorts of clinical meta-data and stored plasma samples or dried-blood spots (DBS) from The Gambia (Prolifica) and France. Results: Overall, samples from 1016 HBsAg-positive individuals were analyzed (625 from The Gambia, 391 from France); the baseline HDV prevalence was 1.1% (7/625) and 2.5% (10/391), respectively. The median age (interquartile range) was 38 (32-50) years, and 63% were male. Patients in the French cohort were older ( Conclusions: Hepatitis Delta superinfection increases considerably in HBsAg-positive carriers in The Gambia as well as in France. These findings support consideration of repeated HDV serology testing in HBsAg-positive individuals.
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