Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41541397›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Relapse and Emergent Resistance With Novel Short-Course Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, United States, 2022-2024.

Rina Liang, James C M Brust, Caitlin Reed, Vincent Escuyer, Derek T Armstrong, Nicole Parrish, Patrick Valois, Marie-Claire Rowlinson, Atanaska Marinova-Petkova, Gregory P Bisson and 19 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Rina LiangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9424-2989
James C M BrustDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-1818
Caitlin ReedDivision of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Vincent EscuyerWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-6709
Derek T ArmstrongDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-4839
Nicole ParrishDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Patrick ValoisFlorida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3466-2717
Marie-Claire RowlinsonFlorida Department of Health, Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Atanaska Marinova-PetkovaDivision of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Gregory P BissonDepartment of Public Health, Philadelphia Tuberculosis Control Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Sarah M LabudaDivision of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-681X
Angel Colon-SemideyPuerto Rico Department of Health, Puerto Rico Tuberculosis Control Program, Puerto Rico, USA.
Connie A HaleySoutheastern National Tuberculosis Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8290-0090
David AshkinSoutheastern National Tuberculosis Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Charles A PeloquinCollege of Pharmacy and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-7052
Alfred LardizabalGlobal Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-1097
Amee PatrawallaGlobal Tuberculosis Institute at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Alice CuencaDepartment of Public Health and Social Services, Guam Department of Public Health, Dededo, Guam, USA.
Michelle K HaasUCSF Curry International Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-1729
Richard BrostromDivision of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Chima MbakwemDepartment of Public Health and Social Services, Guam Department of Public Health, Dededo, Guam, USA.
Marcos C SchechterDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-7423
Susan M RayDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-088X
Jason CumminsTennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3943-6038
Barbara CahillUtah Refugee Health and TB Control Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-2149
Katherine ArnUtah Refugee Health and TB Control Program, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Lisa L ChenUCSF Curry International Tuberculosis Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
John W WilsonMayo Clinic Center for Tuberculosis, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Neela D GoswamiDivision of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-9144

Funding

Emory/Georgia TB Research Advancement Center (TRAC)P30AI168386 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey M Collins · 2022 to 2026
$5.8M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI168386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid with or without moxifloxacin (BPaL/M) are recommended oral 6-month treatment regimens for multidrug- or rifampin-resistant (MDR/RR) tuberculosis (TB). Since the US rollout of these regimens in 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and partners have identified patients who failed or relapsed on these regimens. Methods: Here, we report a case series of US patients with TB treated with BPaL/M-containing regimens, who experienced adverse outcomes during the period 2022‒2024, including drug resistance, relapse, and treatment failure. Results: Clinical and public health outcomes were significant for US patients reported. There were 8 patients identified (n = 8). 5 (62.5%) were male, with a median age 57 years, 2 (25%) were previously treated for TB, and 8 (100%) presented with cavitary disease. This included a patient who died from infectious TB with acquired resistance after exposing over 100 healthcare workers, a waitress who was found to have highly infectious TB at the time of her relapse, and a son who contracted Conclusions: These patients highlight consequences, both for the individual and public health, of relapse and treatment failure in real-life operational settings that may not be readily evident in well-controlled and well-resourced clinical trials. Despite the advent of shorter and better tolerated bedaquiline-based regimens, US clinicians continue to face challenges in managing drug-resistant TB. These data support the need for expert management of these patients beyond routine TB care, as well as the need for close monitoring and follow-up months after treatment completion.

Indexed as

BPaLBPaLMdrug resistantrelapsetuberculosis

Identifiers

PMID41541397
PMCPMC12803016

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.