ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Understanding Capsular Contracture: Mechanisms, Management, and Patient Outcomes in Implant-based Breast Augmentation and Reconstruction.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Technique-Driven and Patient-Specific Variations in Complications of Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: An Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage Therapy for Breast Implants: A Translational Perspective and Future Directions.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Capsular Contracture in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Contemporary Controversies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Capsular contracture (CC) is a frequent complication of implant-based breast augmentation and reconstruction, causing deformity, pain, and reoperation, particularly after mastectomy. CC arises from a multifactorial immune and fibrotic response influenced by patient factors, radiation, implant characteristics, and surgical technique. This review summarized recent data on CC epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Methods: A narrative review of PubMed and Embase (2020-2024) identified clinical studies on CC after breast augmentation or reconstruction, including trials, cohort studies, case series, and reviews evaluating surgical and adjunctive interventions such as capsulotomy, capsulectomy, and perioperative pharmacological, or material-based strategies. Results: Chronic peri-implant inflammation, bacterial biofilm, and postoperative radiation were consistently implicated in CC pathogenesis, with higher rates in irradiated mastectomy patients. Preventive measures, including antimicrobial pocket irrigation, implant and mesh selection, and atraumatic "no-touch" techniques, were associated with reduced CC in several reports. Pharmacological adjuncts such as leukotriene inhibitors and glucocorticoids showed promising but heterogeneous results. For established CC, capsulotomy is commonly used for mild to moderate disease, whereas complete or partial capsulectomy remains the standard for severe or recurrent cases, often combined with implant exchange and adjunctive measures to limit recurrence. Conclusions: CC remains a major cause of morbidity and revisional surgery after implant-based breast procedures. Contemporary evidence supports a multimodal, patient-specific approach that couples meticulous surgical technique with targeted pharmacological and material-based strategies to prevent and treat CC. Robust prospective studies are needed to define optimal protocols and long-term outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.