ArticleCell biochemistry and function2026
Venous Endothelial Cells Promote Osteoblast Differentiation More Effectively Than Arterial Cells via TGF-β/BMP9 and Notch Pathway-Related Gene Expression.
Article in Cell biochemistry and function, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vascular calcification: pathogenic mechanisms, signaling crosstalk and translational therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune regulation of post-traumatic bone regeneration: focus on inflammatory switching and functional recovery.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Venous Endothelial Cells Promote Osteoblast Differentiation More Effectively Than Arterial Cells via TGF-β/BMP9 and Notch Pathway-Related Gene Expression.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis is a key determinant of skeletal homeostasis, yet the influence of endothelial cell origin on osteoblast differentiation remains underexplored. Here, we investigated how venous (HUVECs) and arterial (HCAECs) endothelial cells differentially modulate the osteogenic phenotype of human osteoblasts via paracrine signaling. To better address this issue, the conditioned media (CM) from HUVECs significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, upregulation of canonical markers such as Runx2, Osterix, and Osteocalcin, and activation of matrix mineralization genes (Tnap, Bsp, Col1a1). In contrast, CM from HCAECs induced a markedly weaker response. qPCR analysis revealed that HUVEC-CM robustly stimulated key osteoinductive pathways, including TGF-β/BMP9 and Notch, with pronounced activation of SMADs, Jagged, and Notch receptors. Moreover, HUVEC-CM promoted cytoskeletal remodeling via increased expression of Integrin-β1, FAK, Src, and Cofilin, and favored ECM organization by repressing MMP activity and enhancing Reck expression. Hypoxia-associated markers (Hif1α, Vegf) were also elevated in HUVEC-treated osteoblasts, supporting enhanced angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. Principal component and network analyses confirmed a distinct molecular clustering for HUVEC-responsive genes. Altogether, our data demonstrate that venous endothelial cells, through their specific secretome, provide a more adequate microenvironment for osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to their arterial equivalent. These findings underscore the functional relevance of endothelial plasticity in bone regeneration and support the use of venous-derived endothelial factors in bone tissue engineering strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.