Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2026
Metabolic and hormonal serum markers in early childhood: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial during infancy evaluating a modified, low-protein infant formula.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Metabolic and hormonal serum markers in early childhood: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial during infancy evaluating a modified, low-protein infant formula.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHigh protein intake during infancy has been linked to accelerated weight gain and increased obesity risk. This study aimed to examine the effects of a low-protein formula during the first 6 months of life on blood metabolic and hormonal markers during early childhood.
methodsFormula-fed infants (<45 days) were randomized to receive either a low-protein formula with modified amino acid composition (mLP; n = 90; 1.7 g protein/100 kcal) or a control formula (CTRL; n = 88; 2.1 g protein/100 kcal) until 6 months of age. Breastfed infants served as a reference group (n = 67). Blood samples were collected in cooperating subjects at 1, 2, and 6 years. We measured insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding proteins (BPs), leptin, glucose, and insulin, and calculated Homeostatic-Model-Assessment-of-Insulin-Resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and linear regression, adjusting for confounders. In addition, results were correlated to priorly published body composition measurement.
resultsVenous blood was collected from 87 (36%), 77 (31%), and 63 (26%) participants at ages 1, 2, and 6 years, respectively. No differences were found in metabolic markers between the formula groups or compared to the breastfed group at any time point. Furthermore, at 6 years of age, a positive correlation was found between some biomarkers (IGF-1, leptin, and HOMA-IR) and body composition measurements, but not all biomarkers showed such an association.
conclusionsIn this relatively small study, providing a modified, low-protein infant formula during the first months of life did not affect hormonal and metabolic markers during early childhood.
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Registered trials
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