Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41540425›Full record

ArticleRespiratory research2026

Immune dysregulation triggered by inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe respiratory infections.

Jingwei Li, Shufan Liang, Yalun Li, Jiayang Wu, Changshu Li, Jiadi Gan, Weimin Li, Chengdi Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jingwei Li *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Shufan Liang *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yalun Li *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jiayang WuDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Changshu LiDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jiadi GanDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Weimin LiDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chengdi WangDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. chengdi_wang@scu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSevere respiratory infections have imposed an immense burden on healthcare worldwide, which could lead to fatal outcomes. The dysfunctional immune response impacts disease severity of respiratory infections, yet its underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure.

methodsWe explored the immunologic response underpinning severe respiratory viral infections by performing single-cell transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 17 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including moderate, severe, critical, and convalescent cases. Furthermore, we analyzed the host responses following low- or high-dose vaccination with recombinant protein.

resultsWe constructed an immunocyte landscape with 299,527 PBMCs. The significant dysregulation of immune homeostasis in severe respiratory viral infections was characterized by an increased ratio of CD14

conclusionsOur study creates a high-resolution transcriptomic atlas that uncovers distinct immune signatures across the disease severity of respiratory infections, which provides valuable resource for mechanistic exploration and therapeutic strategies development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that high-dose recombinant protein vaccines might mitigate the severity of illness.

trial registrationThis study was prospectively registered at ChiCTR (Registration number: ChiCTR2300067787).

Indexed as

COVID-19CytokinesInflammation MediatorsRespiratory Tract InfectionsAdultAgedFemaleGene Expression ProfilingHumansLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness IndexCytokinesInflammation MediatorsImmune dysregulationInflammatory stormsMonocyte activationRespiratory viral infectionsVaccination

Identifiers

PMID41540425
PMCPMC12892699

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.