ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Refined chloroplast annotations, repeat profiles, and phylogenomic evidence reveal maternal lineage shifts and independent evolution in the Triticum-Aegilops complex.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Complete Chloroplast Genome ofGenes · 2026Article
- Chloroplast Genome Characterization, Comparative Analysis, and Phylogenetic Insights into FiveInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Correction: Refined chloroplast annotations, repeat profiles, and phylogenomic evidence reveal maternal lineage shifts and independent evolution in the Triticum-Aegilops complex.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Triticum-Aegilops complex has a complex reticulate evolutionary history shaped by multiple hybridization and polyploidization events. While nuclear genome relationships have been extensively explored, the maternal inheritance patterns embedded in chloroplast genomes remain unresolved. This study aims to elucidate the maternal lineage dynamics using comparative chloroplast genomics across key Triticum and Aegilops species.
resultsWe assembled complete chloroplast genomes of three Triticum aestivum cultivars (Keumkang, Saekeumkang, and Olgeuru) and curated a dataset of 20 chloroplast genomes from 15 Triticum and Aegilops species. Annotation refinement revealed conserved gene content and structural stability, with lineage-specific SSR motifs AAAAT/ATTTT and AATAG/ATTCT supporting a maternal contribution of Aegilops speltoides to polyploid wheats. Phylogenetic and SNP-PCA analyses consistently clustered B and G genome-bearing taxa, reinforcing A. speltoides as the maternal donor in these lineages. In contrast, Aegilops tauschii formed a distinct clade and clustered near other Aegilops, suggesting an independent chloroplast origin of the D genome, potentially involving A. mutica as a maternal ancestor. Repeat profiles, codon usage patterns, and selective pressure analyses further underscored the evolutionary conservation and lineage specificity of chloroplast genomes within the complex. Comparative genomics and mVISTA alignments identified several hypervariable regions, such as trnK-rps16 and rpl32-trnL, as potential markers. Codon usage analysis showed strong bias toward A/U-ending codons, and neutrality and ENc-GC3 plots indicated natural selection as the dominant force shaping codon usage.
conclusionOur findings provide strong evidence for maternal lineage continuity in B/G genome lineages via A. speltoides, while supporting a distinct chloroplast origin for the D genome lineage. This highlights the role of chloroplast genomics in resolving wheat evolutionary history and supports alternative models involving A. mutica in D genome evolution.
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