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ArticleNeurocritical care2026

Radiomics Versus the Human Eye: Rethinking SEBES for Prognostic Stratification in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Mónica Maldonado-Luna, Gemma Urbanos, Ana M Castaño-León, Andreea E Baciu, Luis Miguel Moreno-Gómez, Guillermo García-Posadas, Leandro Tosi, Carlos Loynaz-Cardona, Alfonso Lagares

Abstract readComparative Study
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurocritical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mónica Maldonado-Luna *Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. monicamaldonadoluna@gmail.com.
Gemma Urbanos *Research Center on Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems for Sustainability (CITSEM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Ana M Castaño-LeónDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Andreea E BaciuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Luis Miguel Moreno-GómezDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Guillermo García-PosadasDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Leandro TosiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Carlos Loynaz-CardonaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Alfonso LagaresDepartment of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) carries high morbidity and mortality. The Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score (SEBES) and its extended version SEBES 6c are computed tomography (CT)-based markers of early brain edema, but their prognostic value remains uncertain. Radiomics enables quantitative characterization of imaging features beyond the visual assessment. Our objective was to compare the predictive performance of SEBES, SEBES 6c, a radiomic SEBES surrogate, and outcome-specific radiomic models for functional outcome, vasospasm, and hydrocephalus after aSAH.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 405 patients with aSAH (2007-2024). SEBES and SEBES 6c were visually scored on admission CT scans by anonymized observers. Radiomic features were extracted from gray and white matter, and models were trained either to reproduce SEBES (radiomic SEBES) or to directly predict outcomes. Multivariable analyses combined radiomic and clinical variables to assess prognostic performance. Model generalizability was additionally evaluated in an independent external cohort.

resultsSEBES and SEBES 6c alone showed poor discrimination for six-month functional outcome and lost significance after adjustment for World Federation of Neurological Surgeons and modified Fisher scores. The radiomic SEBES model accurately replicated the visual score but did not predict clinical outcomes. In contrast, outcome-specific radiomic models improved discrimination, particularly when combined with clinical variables, achieving the best predictive accuracy. When applied to the external cohort, the radiomics and clinical model preserved its discriminative ability, demonstrating robustness across data sets.

conclusionsSEBES and SEBES 6c reflect visible CT edema but provide limited independent prognostic information. Radiomics offers a quantitative and reproducible alternative that complements, rather than replaces, clinical assessment. Outcome-specific radiomic models, especially when integrated with established clinical variables, show promise for improving prognostic stratification after aSAH, although external multicenter validation remains essential.

Indexed as

Brain EdemaHydrocephalusOutcome Assessment, Health CareSubarachnoid HemorrhageTomography, X-Ray ComputedAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRadiomicsRetrospective StudiesVasospasm, IntracranialBrain edemaHydrocephalusIntracranial aneurysmPrognosisRadiomicsSubarachnoid hemorrhageVasospasm

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.