Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41540288›Full record

ArticleJournal of gastroenterology2026

Risk of extraintestinal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan.

Shin Fujioka, Junji Umeno, Teruyuki Takeda, Ken Kinjo, Takahide Tanaka, Nobuaki Nishimata, Shinichiro Yoshioka, Atsushi Iraha, Ryosuke Sakemi, Yoki Furuta and 9 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Shin Fujioka *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. fujioka.shin.279@kyudai.jp.ORCID 0000-0001-5617-8922
Junji Umeno *Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
Teruyuki TakedaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Ken KinjoDepartment of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Takahide TanakaDepartment of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
Nobuaki NishimataDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sameshima Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
Shinichiro YoshiokaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Atsushi IrahaDepartment of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Ryosuke SakemiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Tobata Kyoritsu Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan.
Yoki FurutaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Nanae TsuruokaDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Shuji KanmuraDigestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
Kazuhiro MizukamiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
Masayuki HotokezakaDepartment of Surgery, Junwakai Memorial Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
Yoshihiko FurutaDepartment of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
Fumihito HiraiDepartment of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Tetsuro AgoDepartment of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
Motohiro EsakiDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
IBD-Quality Team

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies investigating the incidence of extra-intestinal cancer (EIC) in Asian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are limited. The impact of thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies on the development of EIC remains unclear.

methodsIn this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 4604 IBD patients (1864 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 2740 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) with a history of hospital visits between 2008 and 2020. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of EIC was calculated. To identify predictors of the presence of EIC, clinical characteristics and medication were evaluated. The cumulative probability of EIC was compared based on exposure to thiopurines and anti-TNF antibodies.

resultsEIC was identified in 65 CD patients and 97 UC patients. A higher incidence of leukemia was observed in CD patients (SIR 5.21). Gallbladder/bile duct cancer was more prevalent in UC patients (SIR 2.65), while gastric cancer was less common (SIR 0.46). Independent predictors of EIC in CD patients included female sex, age, disease duration, and complicated disease behavior, while in UC patients, predictors included age, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and current steroid use. Use of thiopurines in CD patients and anti-TNF antibodies in UC patients appeared protective against the presence of EIC. However, the duration of exposure to thiopurines and anti-TNF antibodies did not affect the development of EIC.

conclusionsJapanese CD and UC patients seem to have a higher incidence of leukemia and gallbladder/bile duct cancer, respectively. Thiopurines and anti-TNF antibodies were not associated with an increased risk of EIC.

Indexed as

Colitis, UlcerativeCrohn DiseaseInflammatory Bowel DiseasesNeoplasmsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsIncidenceJapanMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsImmunosuppressive AgentsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaTumor Necrosis Factor InhibitorsAnti-TNF antibodiesExtraintestinal cancerInflammatory bowel diseaseLeukemiaThiopurines

Identifiers

PMID41540288

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.