ArticleNature immunology2026
A GDF-15-GFRAL axis controls autoimmune T cell responses during neuroinflammation.
Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- The causes of cachexia: key signals and the brain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Mitokines as bioenergetic stress signals in cardiovascular disease: mitochondrial communication, endocrine adaptation, and translational implications.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2026Review
- GDF15: A Hijacked Metabo-Hormone Orchestrating Cachexia and Immunosuppression in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- The spatiotemporal dynamics of MAMs: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic rewiring.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Pregnancy quenches inflammation through neuroimmune crosstalk.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory functions of growth differentiation factor 15 in skin aging and inflammatory dermatoses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pleiotropic effects of GDF-15 to regulate nutritional status: perspectives from body composition to nutrition-related disorders.British journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- The Neuroimmune Nexus: Diet-Induced Obesity, Inflammation, and Diet-Modulated Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reportsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory activity during multiple sclerosis (MS) often improves during pregnancy, suggesting that pregnancy-related immune adaptations affect the disease. Here we show that growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) increases during pregnancy and correlates with a reduced rate of MS relapses. GDF-15 also accumulates in the inflamed central nervous system, and its absence impairs inflammation resolution in a mouse model of MS. GDF-15 suppresses autoimmune T cell responses through an indirect signaling pathway involving the activation of GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL) on brainstem neurons. Therapeutic approaches, including neuronal gene delivery, recombinant GDF-15 administration and targeted chemogenetic activation of GFRAL-positive neurons induce β-adrenergic signaling and norepinephrine synthesis in the spleen, leading to decreased expression of integrins on T cells required for transmigration across the blood-brain barrier and confer protection against neuroinflammation in preclinical models of MS. These findings position GDF-15 as a crucial neuroimmune mediator and the GDF-15-GFRAL axis as promising target for MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.