ArticlePediatric research2026
Enhanced fortification of human milk to meet preterm infant nutritional targets.
Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Osmolality of fortified human milk with contemporary human milk fortifiers.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany preterm infants need nutrition beyond 24 kcal/oz (standard fortification) to support growth. Individualized targeted fortification improves growth but is labor-intensive. Universal enhanced fortification to presumed 26 kcal/oz for very low birth weight infants was clinically implemented. We determined how often donor breast milk (DBM) and preterm maternal breast milk (MBM) met nutritional targets with enhanced fortification.
methodsMBM/DBM samples were collected for a prospective cohort study of infants born <1500 g and <33 weeks. Macronutrients were measured using a mid-infrared analyzer. The frequency at which MBM/DBM samples met intake goals (4.8-8.1 g/kg/day fat, 11.6-13.2 g/kg/day carbohydrate, 3.5-4.5 g/kg/day protein) with enhanced and standard fortification was compared.
resultsAmong 198 MBM samples and 168 DBM samples, MBM had higher protein, fat, and energy (p < 0.0001). Regardless of fortification method, MBM samples met lower and mid-range fat goals more often (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Collectively, more samples achieved protein targets with enhanced fortification: all samples reached 3.5 and 4 g/kg/day, 56% (147 MBM, 58 DBM) attained 4.5 g/kg/day. With standard fortification, 11% achieved 4 g/kg/day protein; none attained 4.5 g/kg/day.
conclusionsEnhanced fortification is an efficient method that meets enteral nutrition goals for preterm infants and delivers desired protein intake more consistently. IMPACT: Enhanced fortification is a feasible and efficient alternative to targeted fortification that can also achieve enteral nutrition goals for preterm infants. Enhanced fortification delivers desired protein intake more consistently than standard fortification, especially with donor breast milk. Regardless of fortification strategy, maternal breast milk is more likely to reach fat intake goals, although additional enrichment may be needed, depending on the fortifier product.
Identifiers
41540198What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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