Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41540126›Full record

ArticleLasers in medical science2026

Antifungal activity of gold nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation with blue diode laser photodynamic activation against Candida albicans.

Andi Hamim Zaidan, Suryani Dyah Astuti, Deny Arifianto, Nabiilah Ayu Ramadhaani, Winarno Winarno, Ahmad Khalil Yaqubi, Sari Luthfiyah, Ghulam Muhammad, Nasrul Annuar Abd Razak

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Article in Lasers in medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andi Hamim ZaidanDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
Suryani Dyah AstutiDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. suryanidyah@fst.unair.ac.id.
Deny ArifiantoDoctoral Degree, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
Nabiilah Ayu RamadhaaniDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
Winarno WinarnoDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
Ahmad Khalil YaqubiCenter for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16912, Indonesia.
Sari LuthfiyahDoctoral Degree, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
Ghulam MuhammadBiomedical Engineering Magister Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Nasrul Annuar Abd RazakDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infections caused by Candida albicans pose a serious challenge in healthcare, particularly due to increasing resistance to conventional antifungal agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which combines light, photosensitizers, and oxygen, offers a promising alternative solution. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effectiveness of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized via laser ablation, as well as the effect of photodynamic activation using a blue diode laser (403 nm) on the growth of C. albicans. Samples were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) Candida albicans treated with three concentrations of AuNPs (100, 150, and 200 ppm), (3) Candida albicans irradiated with a 403 nm blue diode laser at four exposure times (90, 120, 150, and 180 s), and (4) Candida albicans treated with AuNPs combined with laser irradiation. Antifungal activity was assessed using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method, with results expressed in CFU/mL. Data were analyzed using a two-way factorial ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). The results showed that AuNPs alone reduced colony counts by up to 28.63% at 200 ppm. However, the combination of AuNPs and blue diode laser irradiation significantly enhanced antifungal activity. The highest reduction (83.36 ± 7.84) % was observed at 150 ppm AuNPs with 180 s of irradiation, corresponding to an energy density of 9.17 J/cm². These findings highlight the potential of combining AuNPs with photodynamic therapy as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative for treating fungal infections.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsCandida albicansGoldLasers, SemiconductorMetal NanoparticlesPhotochemotherapyPhotosensitizing AgentsAntifungal AgentsGoldPhotosensitizing AgentsBlue diode laserCandida albicansGold nanoparticlesLaser ablationPhotodynamic therapy

Identifiers

PMID41540126

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.