Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41538736›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2026

The Potential of Thermomechanical and Thermochemical Processes to Enable Sustainable Household Sanitation.

Zixuan Wang, Jianan Feng, Buai Shi, Johanna Arita Mendoza, Xinyi Zhang, Nina Trousdale, Roland D Cusick, Shannon Yee, Jeremy S Guest

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Zixuan WangThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4192-6147
Jianan FengThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6987-1187
Buai ShiThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Johanna Arita MendozaThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Xinyi ZhangThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-5858-9511
Nina TrousdaleThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.
Roland D CusickThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4037-2939
Shannon YeeGeorge W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1119-9938
Jeremy S GuestThe Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2489-2579

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological processes underpin centralized wastewater treatment but are difficult to deploy at a small scale. Thermomechanical and thermochemical approaches could enable household-level sanitation, yet their economic and environmental potential remains unclear. We assessed two prototype household reinvented toilets (HRTs), with either pasteurization mechanical dewatering (PMD) and supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) treatment processes, using integrated process simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle assessment under uncertainty. The total annualized expenditures (including capital and operating) are 1.41-1.87 (5th to 95th percentiles) and 1.85-2.45 USD·cap

Indexed as

SanitationFamily CharacteristicsWaste Disposal, Fluidhousehold-level non-sewered sanitationlife cycle assessment (LCA)mechanical dewateringsupercritical water oxidationtechno-economic analysis (TEA)

Identifiers

PMID41538736
PMCPMC12961933

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.