Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41538407›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Chemical Society2026

Click-to-Release Reactions for Tertiary Amines and Pyridines.

Konrad Chojnacki, Tori Demuth, Jenna Faulkner, Ping Guo, Pushkar Bansal, Husaib Arshad, Justin English, Randall T Peterson, Dennis Svatunek, Raphael M Franzini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Konrad ChojnackiDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9285-0904
Tori DemuthInstitute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.
Jenna FaulknerDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
Ping GuoDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
Pushkar BansalDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
Husaib ArshadDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
Justin EnglishDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
Randall T PetersonDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0727-3469
Dennis SvatunekInstitute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-1101-2376
Raphael M FranziniDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 30 S 2000 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6772-5119

Funding

Tools to Study Electrophilic Stress and Develop Covalent DrugsR35GM138335 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI FRANZINI, RAPHAEL M. · 2020 to 2024
$1.5M
X-ray Diffraction SystemS10OD030326 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HILL, CHRISTOPHER P. · 2021 to 2021
$597k
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM138335NIH HHS S10 OD030326
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Click-to-release reactions, transformations that liberate molecules of interest under physiological conditions, are gaining traction as powerful means to control biological processes and enable spatiotemporal drug delivery. A major limitation of current click-to-release strategies remains their narrow scope of releasable functional groups, leaving many classes of bioactive molecules incompatible with such approaches. This study provides the first examples of click-to-release reactions for tertiary amines and pyridines. Two orthogonal strategies were developed based on bioorthogonal reactions between isonitriles and tetrazines. Isocyanopropyl (ICPr) groups were used to cage tertiary amines and pyridines, enabling their release upon reaction with tetrazines under mild conditions. Similarly, tetrazylmethyl (TzMe) groups masked these functionalities for liberation by isonitriles. Interestingly, while the removal of TzMe groups with primary isonitriles did not occur as originally intended, tertiary isonitriles mediated efficient release. Experimental and computational studies revealed an unexpected pathway distinct from the previously reported mechanisms for TzMe deprotection. The masking groups could be successfully applied to a range of bioactive molecules, and the resulting precursors exhibited good stability in the buffer. Preliminary studies in zebrafish embryos established the bioorthogonality of the reactions. Together, this work significantly expands the repertoire of releasable groups for click-to-release chemistry and opens new opportunities for applications in chemical biology and targeted drug delivery.

Indexed as

AminesClick ChemistryPyridinesAnimalsMolecular StructureNitrilesZebrafishAminesNitrilesPyridines

Identifiers

PMID41538407
PMCPMC12856886

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.