Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41538245›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Host heterogeneity and unpredictability in parasite outbreaks.

Jacob A Cohen, Mark Viney, Andy Fenton

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jacob A CohenDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0007-9264-0409
Mark VineyDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4857-1238
Andy FentonDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7676-917X

Funding

UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/X008673/1UKRI | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/S00713X/1UKRI | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/X01424X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Experimental tests of the effects of host heterogeneities on parasite transmission are rare; previous studies focus on a single host trait over one generation of transmission. Thus, the long-term epidemiological consequences of interacting host heterogeneities remain unclear. We used a laboratory-based experimental system comprising the red flour beetle (

Indexed as

ApicomplexaHost-Parasite InteractionsTriboliumAnimalsDisease OutbreaksModels, Biologicalhost heterogeneityparasitestransmission

Identifiers

PMID41538245
PMCPMC12818443

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.