Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41538103›Full record

ArticleDiscover oncology2026

Integrative analysis identified the key role of LAG3 in T cell exhaustion in glioma.

Zheng Wang, Haitao Fu, Yuwei Li, Zewei Liu, Wenhua Fan, Yuqing Liu, Chuanbao Zhang, Jingshan Liang, Zhong Zhang, Liyun Zhong and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Discover oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zheng Wang *Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Haitao Fu *Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuwei LiBeijing College of Social Administration, Beijing, China.
Zewei LiuDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Wenhua FanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Yuqing LiuDepartment of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Chuanbao ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
Jingshan LiangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang No 1 People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
Zhong ZhangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. zhangzhong0502@163.com.
Liyun ZhongDepartment of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. mantong1024@sina.com.
Wei YanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. neuro_yw@njmu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an immune checkpoint expressed on the surface of T cells. We conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization and clinical analysis of LAG3 expression in gliomas. Across the CGGA and TCGA glioma datasets, we observed that LAG3 expression increased with higher glioma grade. Further investigation into the molecular subtypes revealed that LAG3 exhibited the highest expression in the Mesenchymal subtype, similar to other immune checkpoints. CIBERSORT analysis showed a significant positive correlation between LAG3 expression and macrophages, suggesting LAG3’s involvement in shaping the immune microenvironment. Single-cell data indicated that LAG3 expression appeared to be complementary pattern to other immune checkpoints, implying multiple mechanisms of T cell exhaustion. Importantly, clinical data analysis demonstrated that elevated LAG3 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for patient survival. These findings suggest that LAG3 may play a crucial role in regulating the immune microenvironment in gliomas and contribute to T cell exhaustion, alongside other immune checkpoints such as the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. As such, LAG3 represents a potential therapeutic target for glioma immunotherapy.

Indexed as

GliomaImmune check pointImmune evasionImmunotherapyLAG3

Identifiers

PMID41538103
PMCPMC12891324

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.