Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41536917›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

An embolism-free nonfouling hydrogel coating with high toughness and lubricity for intravascular medical devices via chain-entanglement mediated topological gelation.

Wenzhong Cao, Xianchi Zhou, Wenbin Dai, Zihao Zhu, Zuolong Liu, Kexin Chen, Yu Yan, Hengshuai Bao, Jian Ji, Peng Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. ZnO@TiOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wenzhong CaoState Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.
Xianchi ZhouState Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.
Wenbin DaiMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Zihao ZhuMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Zuolong LiuState Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.
Kexin ChenMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Yu YanMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Hengshuai BaoMOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
Jian JiState Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.
Peng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydrogel coatings have become indispensable for advanced interventional devices owing to their exceptional lubricity, antithrombogenicity, and antibacterial performance. However, clinical adoption has been hindered by the risk of polymer embolism resulting from coating delamination in vascular systems. Herein, we report an embolism-free hydrogel coating strategy based on chain-entanglement-mediated topological gelation to address this limitation. Through an interface-regulated polymerization process, we fabricate a robust zwitterionic hydrogel coating stabilized by interfacial interlinking and enhanced polymer chain entanglement. This design delivers outstanding long-term antimicrobial and antithrombogenic properties and achieves high toughness, ultra-low friction, and wear resistance. Notably, the chain-entangled topological hydrogel exhibits a unique fail-safe mechanism: upon detachment, it undergoes spontaneous aqueous dissolution rather than forming hazardous debris. This approach can potentially reduce life-threatening complications in interventional therapies by eliminating the risk of polymer-induced embolism.

Indexed as

AntithrombogenicityChain-entanglementFail-safeHydrogel coating

Identifiers

PMID41536917
PMCPMC12796771

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.