ArticleJournal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
Exploring Tobacco Vendor Perspectives on Tobacco Vendor Licensing in Lucknow, India: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study.
Article in Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: Tobacco vendor licensing (TVL) under India's Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act is intended to regulate tobacco sales and reduce youth access; however, implementation gaps at the local level may limit its impact. This study explored, in a purposively selected sample, tobacco vendors' awareness, perceptions, and experiences regarding TVL in Lucknow, India. Materials and Methods: An exploratory concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design was used. A structured survey of 150 purposively selected vendors assessed demographics, awareness, and perceptions of TVL, while six in-depth interviews captured lived experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify exploratory patterns, and qualitative data were examined thematically using Braun and Clarke's framework. Integration occurred at the interpretation stage. Given the non-probability sampling, findings are not statistically inferential or generalizable. Results: Only 26.7% of vendors reported awareness of TVL regulations, indicating a substantial information gap. Vendors who were aware of TVL tended to report more favorable views of licensing and its intended regulatory role. Qualitative analysis identified five interrelated themes: lack of awareness, positive perception of TVL's intent, challenges in implementation, unclear enforcement mechanisms, and suggestions for improvement. Vendors highlighted financial burden, procedural complexity, and limited official communication as key barriers to compliance. Conclusion: These exploratory findings suggest that information deficits, procedural opacity, and weak enforcement constrain the effectiveness of TVL in Lucknow. Strengthening vendor-focused awareness, simplifying licensing processes, and ensuring consistent, transparent enforcement are essential to better align policy intent with on-ground practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.