Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41536638›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs scholar2026

Preventing firearm-related deaths and the public good: a contingent valuation study in California.

Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz, Julia J Lund, Amanda J Aubel, Aaron B Shev, Garen J Wintemute

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs scholar, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nicole Kravitz-WirtzCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4301 X St., Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-0196
Julia J LundCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4301 X St., Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
Amanda J AubelCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4301 X St., Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-0604
Aaron B ShevCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4301 X St., Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-4537
Garen J WintemuteCenters for Violence Prevention, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Davis, 4301 X St., Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Firearm-related injuries cause far-reaching harm, yet information about the value the public assigns to the benefits of prevention is limited. Methods: We surveyed California adults from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel ( Results: The mean WTP estimate for a program preventing 1 in 10 deaths ranged from $85.16 annually in donations to prevent firearm suicides to $145.63 in additional taxes to prevent deaths from mass shootings. In general, firearm owners were willing to pay less than non-owners; however, Black firearm owners reported the largest WTP, among subgroups and overall. Most respondents were willing to pay the sum-total of their bids to prevent all 3 types of firearm injury; of those, maximum WTP, on average, was $508.08 annually in donations or $534.82 in additional taxes. This implies a statewide total of up to $6.9 billion in perceived benefit. Conclusion: As resources for prevention, intervention, and supportive services are threatened or terminated, these findings underscore the substantial public demand for investments in firearm injury reduction efforts.

Indexed as

contingent valuationfirearmpreventionpublic goodviolencewillingness to pay

Identifiers

PMID41536638
PMCPMC12796804

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.