ArticlePNAS nexus2026
Paternal immune activation-induced alteration of 28S rRNA-derived small RNAs in sperm reprograms offspring phenotypes.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Breed-specific divergence in boar sperm regulatory profiles involves piRNA and mitochondrial small RNAs.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parental environmental exposures can induce transgenerational effects through epigenetic modifications in germ cells. Although paternal immune activation is implicated in transgenerational metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders, the germline-encoded molecular vectors mediating this inheritance remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide-induced immune activation dynamically upregulated the abundance of 28S ribosomal RNA-derived small RNAs (28S-rsRNAs) in mouse sperm in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, epididymal sperm maturation exhibited heightened susceptibility to acute immune perturbations compared with spermatogenic processes, and 28S-rsRNAs were selectively incorporated during their transit through the caput epididymis. Strikingly, zygotic microinjection of synthetic 28S-rsRNAs recapitulated paternal immune activation phenotypes, resulting in offspring exhibiting metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes, including obesity and impaired insulin sensitivity. Concurrently, these manipulated offspring displayed neurobehavioral abnormalities characterized by heightened anxiety-like and aggressive behaviors, accompanied by hippocampal transcriptomic alterations. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that sperm 28S-rsRNAs contribute to paternal immune activation-mediated programming of offspring behavioral and metabolic phenotypes and provide mechanistic insights into environment-germline interactions.
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