ArticleJournal of eating disorders2026
Prospective associations among nonverbal reasoning abilities, illness duration, and eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Article in Journal of eating disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) often exhibit impairments in executive functioning, including nonverbal reasoning. However, little is known about how nonverbal reasoning interacts with illness duration, influences ED symptom changes over time, or differentially affects phenotypically distinct EDs. This study examined associations among nonverbal reasoning, illness duration, and changes in ED symptoms in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).
methodsAdults with AN or BN (N = 83; mean age = 25.9) completed baseline assessments of ED symptoms, illness duration, nonverbal reasoning, height, weight, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. ED symptoms and weight were reassessed at 3 and 6 months after baseline. Linear regression analysis and multilevel modeling were used to evaluate associations between nonverbal reasoning, illness duration, and ED symptom trajectories.
resultsIn the AN group, longer illness duration was significantly associated with poorer baseline nonverbal reasoning, even after adjusting for BMI. There was no significant association between illness duration and nonverbal reasoning in the BN group. Among individuals with BN, better baseline nonverbal reasoning predicted a greater reduction in ED symptoms over 6 months, while poorer baseline nonverbal reasoning was associated with no significant change in symptoms. In AN, nonverbal reasoning did not predict ED symptom change from baseline to follow-up.
conclusionsIn AN, longer illness duration was linked to poorer nonverbal reasoning, whereas in BN, better nonverbal reasoning predicted improvement in symptoms over time. These findings support the relevance of nonverbal reasoning to AN and BN. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the findings and gain additional insights into associations among nonverbal reasoning, illness duration, and ED symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.