ArticleBMC cancer2026
Scrutinizing the potential role of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers in Egyptian females with early and metastatic breast cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the most common cancer among Egyptian women, accounting for 38.8% of female malignancies. Early diagnosis is critical for improving outcomes; however, conventional serum tumor markers such as CEA and CA15-3 show limited sensitivity and specificity in early-stage BC. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach, enabling detection of circulating tumor-derived products, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This study aimed to evaluate the differential expression of circulating ncRNAs in the serum of female patients with early and metastatic BC prior to initiation of chemotherapy, and to assess their associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic parameters. We also sought to determine their potential utility as prognostic biomarkers for early detection of metastasis. Method: A total of fifty female participants were enrolled following ethical approval and categorized into three groups: healthy controls (n = 10), early-stage breast cancer patients (n = 21), and metastatic breast cancer patients (n = 19). All breast cancer cases were diagnosed with invasive disease and exhibited mixed hormone receptor status. Result: the results demonstrated that the studied ncRNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs) effectively distinguished early BC patients from healthy controls, whereas CEA and CA15-3 did not. Conclusion: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that PVT1, HOTAIR, miR-331, and miR-195 may represent potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in BC. However, due to the limited sample size and exploratory nature of the analyses, validation in larger, independent, and prospectively collected cohorts is essential before clinical application can be established.
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