ReviewCancer gene therapy2026
Characteristics and developmental trajectory of clinical trials focused on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for cancer treatment.
Review in Cancer gene therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, yet their clinical application and developmental trajectory remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of interventional clinical trials investigating TIL therapies for cancer treatment registered on ClinicalTrials.gov up to December 31, 2024. Trial characteristics, temporal trends, and treatment strategies were systematically assessed. Among 177 eligible trials, the vast majority were early-phase studies enrolling small patient cohorts. Malignant melanoma was the most frequently studied tumor type. North America conducted the largest number of trials overall, while recent years have seen rapid growth in trial activity and industry sponsorship, particularly in Asia. Cytokine support and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were the most common combination strategies. Since 2017, increasing interest has been observed in TIL monotherapy and in TIL-ICI combinations. Genetically engineered TIL trials were less likely to incorporate cytokine support or non-myeloablative chemotherapy, whereas selectively expanded TIL trials more frequently evaluated radiotherapy as a combination strategy. Overall, clinical trials of TIL therapy have primarily focused on early-phase exploration. Cytokines and ICIs remain the predominant combination approaches, while the use of TIL monotherapy has emerged as a growing trend. Continued research efforts and clinical investigation are essential to support the broader and more standardized application of TIL-based therapies in cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41535706What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.