Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535465›Full record

ArticleNature2026

3D-printed low-voltage-driven ciliary hydrogel microactuators.

Zemin Liu, Che Wang, Ziyu Ren, Chunxiang Wang, Wenkang Wang, Jongkuk Ko, Shanyuan Song, Chong Hong, Xi Chen, Hongguang Wang and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
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  8. Article
  9. Rotational 3D printing of active-passive filaments and lattices with programmable shape morphing.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zemin LiuPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9211-6603
Che WangSchool of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5382-7106
Ziyu RenPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
Chunxiang WangPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-3553
Wenkang WangBioinspired Autonomous Miniature Robots Group, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
Jongkuk KoPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.
Shanyuan SongBioinspired Autonomous Miniature Robots Group, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-2552
Chong HongBioinspired Autonomous Miniature Robots Group, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0739-7552
Xi ChenDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Hongguang WangMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8552-2323
Wenqi HuBioinspired Autonomous Miniature Robots Group, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany. wenqi@ust.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-821X
Metin SittiPhysical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany. msitti@ku.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-3854

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Micrometre-sized, densely packed natural cilia that perform non-reciprocal 3D motions with dynamically tunable collective patterns are crucial for biological processes such as microscale locomotion

Indexed as

CiliaElectricityHydrogelsPrinting, Three-DimensionalAcrylic ResinsAnimalsMotionPhotonsPolymerizationAcrylic ResinsHydrogels

Identifiers

PMID41535465
PMCPMC12823445

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.