Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41535270›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

A scalable two-step genome editing strategy for generating full-length gene-humanized mice at diverse genomic loci.

Jumpei Taguchi, Mio Kikuchi, Hyojung Jeon, Ryo Shimizu, Hideto Mori, Masahito Ikawa, Yasuhiro Yamada, Kei Sato, Terumasa Ikeda, Satoshi Yamazaki and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jumpei TaguchiCore Laboratory for Developing Advanced Animal Models, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3115-6541
Mio KikuchiCore Laboratory for Developing Advanced Animal Models, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Hyojung JeonDivision of Cell Regulation, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Ryo ShimizuDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan.
Hideto MoriPremium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), The University of Osaka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-0056
Masahito IkawaDepartment of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, The University of Osaka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9859-6217
Yasuhiro YamadaDepartment of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-1478
Kei SatoDivision of Systems Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1380
Terumasa IkedaDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-9450
Satoshi YamazakiCore Laboratory for Developing Advanced Animal Models, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4249-3854
Manabu OzawaCore Laboratory for Developing Advanced Animal Models, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. semil@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-7161

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (JSPS London) 21H05033MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 21H05033MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 23K27084MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 25K18393
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Full-length gene-humanized mice engineered by completely replacing mouse loci with human counterparts, including untranslated and regulatory regions, provide a robust in vivo platform for human gene function studies. However, reliably humanizing large genomic regions remains challenging due to limited DNA insert sizes, complex protocols, and specialized material requirements. This study introduces a streamlined approach that enables full-length gene humanization through two sequential CRISPR-assisted homologous recombination steps in embryonic stem cells. This method supports targeted knock-in of genomic fragments ( > 200 kbp) and is applicable across multiple mouse strains. Humanized alleles generated using the developed method recapitulate human-like splicing isoforms and organ-specific gene expression while restoring essential functions in hematopoiesis, spermatogenesis, and survival. Furthermore, disease-associated mutations can be engineered into humanized alleles to model human genetic disorders in vivo. This versatile platform enables the creation of physiologically relevant, fully gene-humanized mouse models for broad applications in biomedical research.

Indexed as

Gene EditingAllelesAnimalsCRISPR-Cas SystemsEmbryonic Stem CellsGene Knock-In TechniquesGenetic LociHematopoiesisHomologous RecombinationHumansMaleMiceMice, TransgenicSpermatogenesis

Identifiers

PMID41535270
PMCPMC12804900

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.