Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41534006›Full record

ArticleCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)2026

Breast Health Training Program for Traditional Healers: A Pathway to Early Breast Cancer Detection in Tanzania.

Autumn Beavers, Elizabeth F Msoka, Irene Masue, Theresia Mwakyembe Mwansasu, Ayesiga Herman, Blandina T Mmbaga, Lily Gutnik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Autumn BeaversThe University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4276-3803
Elizabeth F MsokaKilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-2352-3520
Irene MasueKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
Theresia Mwakyembe MwansasuKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-0199-9739
Ayesiga HermanKilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-8712-270X
Blandina T MmbagaKilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0002-5550-1916
Lily GutnikThe University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8674-7655

Funding

Integrated Networks of Scholars in Global Health Research Training (INSIGHT) Program D43TW012274 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Olakunle Alonge, Jessica Griffin Burke · 2022 to 2026
$6.5M
FIC NIH HHS 5D43TW012274-03FIC NIH HHS D43 TW012274
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, traditional healers often serve as primary healthcare providers and are the first point of contact for patients. Given this, they are uniquely positioned to aid in early breast cancer detection. To evaluate this, we implemented a breast cancer training program to equip traditional healers in Tanzania with foundational knowledge and CBE skills, aiming to improve early detection and timely treatment.

aimsTo implement a breast cancer training program to equip traditional healers in Tanzania with foundational knowledge and CBE skills, aiming to improve early detection and timely treatment.

methodsWe conducted a breast cancer training program in Tanzania among rural registered traditional healers. Knowledge acquisition was assessed through pretest and posttest surveys.

resultsThree male and three female rural traditional healers (average age: 53) participated in the training, with 67% having no prior formal breast cancer training, though 83% reported some breast cancer awareness. Pre- and post-training assessments showed an increase in breast cancer knowledge, with median scores rising from 41% to 74% (p = 0.01). All participants found the training valuable and felt empowered to serve as community health advocates, with widespread consensus that they would prioritize referring patients with suspicious breast findings to the hospital rather than attempting to treat.

conclusionTraditional healers, as trusted community figures and primary healthcare providers, offer a promising solution to bridging gaps in early breast cancer detection in Tanzania. Enhancing their breast cancer knowledge and equipping them with the skills to identify suspicious breast findings provides a scalable strategy for improving early detection in resource-limited settings.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMedicine, African TraditionalAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRural PopulationTanzaniaTraditional Medicine Practitionersbreast cancerclinical breast examinationreferral pathwaytraditional healerstraining program

Identifiers

PMID41534006
PMCPMC12803507

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.