Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41533843›Full record

Observational studyTranslational vision science & technology2026

Optimizing Measurement Parameters for Ocular Surface Temperature Assessment Using ResearchIR Software.

Mana Monfared, Paul J Murphy

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Translational vision science & technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mana MonfaredUniversity of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.
Paul J MurphyUniversity of Waterloo, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: This prospective, observational clinical study aimed to establish standardized ocular surface temperature (OST) measurement protocols using infrared thermography (IRT) to improve consistency, reliability, and translational applicability. Methods: OST was assessed in seven healthy adults (4 men and 3 women; mean age = 32.9 ± 11.7 years) using a Teledyne FLIR A655sc infrared camera and ResearchIR version 4.40 software. Measurements were acquired at eight ocular surface locations (6 corneal and 2 scleral). Subjects performed 6 blinks at 5 interblink intervals (IBIs; at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 seconds), with 2-minute rests between sets. Two thermal metrics were evaluated: rate of temperature change (RTC) and magnitude of temperature change (ΔT). Effects of IBI and location were assessed using 1- and 2-way ANOVAs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) quantified measurement reliability. Results: Both RTC and ΔT confirmed that OST decreased during each IBI. RTC was more sensitive than ΔT in detecting blink-induced thermal changes and declined significantly with increasing IBI (F = 12.88, P < 0.001). Variability also decreased at longer IBIs. RTC was not significantly affected by corneal location (F = 0.94, P = 0.45), although the inferior cornea showed the greatest variability (SD = 0.096). Scleral regions were significantly warmer than corneal sites (F = 48.67, P < 0.001). Averaging improved ICC from 0.879 (single) to 0.911 (3). Conclusions: RTC is a more sensitive and reliable OST metric. A 6-second IBI and averaging improve repeatability, supporting standardized thermal imaging protocols. Translational Relevance: These results support RTC-based OST as a repeatable tool for clinical diagnostics and tear film assessment.

Indexed as

Body TemperatureCorneaScleraSoftwareThermographyAdultBlinkingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesReproducibility of ResultsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41533843
PMCPMC12782200

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.