SynthesisGenetics2026
A systematic review and critical analysis of the evidence for transmission ratio distortion in humans.
Synthesis in Genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Highlighting the genetics of natural and synthetic selfish elements in a special GENETICS and G3 series.Genetics · 2026Article
- Highlighting the genetics of natural and synthetic selfish elements in a special GENETICS and G3 series.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mendel's law of equal segregation states that during gamete formation, the 2 alleles at a gene locus segregate such that each gamete has an equal probability of containing either allele. Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) occurs when 1 of the 2 alleles from either parent is preferentially transmitted to the offspring, resulting in a deviation from the expected 1:1 ratio. Although TRD has been observed and studied in nonhuman species, the full extent and underlying biology of TRD in humans remains poorly summarized. Here we present a systematic review to assess evidence of TRD in the human genome, tracing reports from the 1970s through 2025. Overall, 96 studies including 42 different human variants/genes/loci met inclusion criteria. These studies provided only preliminary and/or conflicting evidence of TRD. Study methods were limited by multiple recurrent biases. Experimental validation of the biological mechanism(s) underlying the putative distortion was rarely performed or possible. TRD warrants renewed attention in the field of human genetics, especially with the growing availability of very large, family-based genome-wide sequencing datasets.
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