Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41533663›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of case reports2026

Characterization of Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Case Series Analysis.

Michelle Villegas-Downs, Mehrdad Mohammadi, Aiguo Han, William D O'Brien, Judith M Schlaeger, Barbara L McFarlin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michelle Villegas-DownsDepartment of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6550-5312
Mehrdad MohammadiDepartment of Statistics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7057-8850
Aiguo HanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7606-9221
William D O'BrienBioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9298-7556
Judith M SchlaegerDepartment of Human Development Nursing Science, UIC College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3754-6176
Barbara L McFarlinDepartment of Human Development Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4862-3269

Funding

Strengthening Stakeholder Engagement in Human Research Protections.UL1TR002003 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI KARNIK, NIRANJAN SUBHASH, MERMELSTEIN, ROBIN J. · 2016 to 2024
$33.7M
QUS Technology for Identifying At-Risk Women for Spontaneous Preterm BirthR01HD089935 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI MCFARLIN, BARBARA L, O'BRIEN, WILLIAM D. · 2017 to 2021
$3.1M
Cervical Remodeling in the Postpartum PeriodF31NR019716 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI VILLEGAS-DOWNS, MICHELLE · 2020 to 2023
$158k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002003NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD089935NINR NIH HHS F31 NR019716
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND The uterine cervix is crucial for maintaining pregnancy to term, and complete cervical repair is essential to prevent future obstetric complications. Despite the importance of the cervical remodeling process, its characterization from pregnancy to the postpartum period in humans has been challenging. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) noninvasively estimates tissue properties, potentially providing insights into the cervical remodeling process beyond standard clinical assessment. By characterizing biological changes throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, QUS can potentially improve our understanding of normal cervical remodeling and early deviations that can be associated with adverse outcomes. CASE REPORT This retrospective case series was aimed to characterize the cervical remodeling process from pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Eight women underwent transvaginal ultrasound scans at 2 time points in mid-pregnancy (approximately 20 and 24 weeks of gestation) and 5 time points postpartum (approximately 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Five QUS biomarkers were analyzed: attenuation coefficient, backscatter coefficient, shear wave speed, slope, and intercept. Similar trends were observed in attenuation coefficient, backscatter coefficient, and slope over time. During pregnancy, lower shear wave speed values were detected (mean [SD], 1.6 [0.3] m/s) that increased after delivery (3.2 [0.2] m/s). Additionally, intercept values were higher during both pregnancy time points (-33.3 [0.52] dB) and decreased postpartum (-36.1 [0.45] dB). CONCLUSIONS This case series provides data on the cervical tissue changes observed in 8 participants measured using QUS. These preliminary findings can inform future studies aimed at understanding cervical remodeling and its clinical implications based on cervical tissue changes.

Indexed as

Cervix UteriPostpartum PeriodAdultFemaleHumansPregnancyRetrospective StudiesUltrasonography

Identifiers

PMID41533663
PMCPMC12822610

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.