ArticleNucleic acids research2026
Visualization and quantification of rDNA instabilities in mammalian cells and mouse models.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encodes the 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA, accounting for ∼70% of cellular transcription. Despite its essential role and links to cancer and aging, quantifying rDNA instability in mammals remains challenging due to its repetitive organization and inherent heterogeneity. Here, we developed a murine rDNA FISH probe and genomic tools tailored for laboratory mouse strains. The results confirmed rDNA cluster locations, revealed substantial inter- and intra-strain as well as intercellular heterogeneity in rDNA organization within inbred mice and unstressed cells, and identified sources of spontaneous and replication-associated DNA double-strand breaks in the rDNA transcription termination region. Using mouse embryonic stem cells, we showed that BRCA1-mediated homologous recombination promotes rDNA instability, the non-homologous end joining factor XRCC1, but not Ku, suppresses intra-cluster deletions, and ATM kinase preserves rDNA cluster stability. Together, these findings establish a platform and tools for studying rDNA instability in animal models relevant to aging and cancer research.
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