ArticleTropical animal health and production2026
Genetic and morphological data indicate the occurrence of a Rhipicephalus sp. and the absence of Rhipicephalus linnaei in Pakistan.
Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- First Molecular Report of Haemaphysalis shimoga and Haemaphysalis bispinosa Infesting Captive Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) in Malaysia, with Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Theileria Co-infection.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity and co-circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Haemaphysalis spp. from Pakistan.Parasitology research · 2026Article
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Abstract
Among hard ticks, Rhipicephalus species are of considerable veterinary and public health importance. Rhipicephalus linnaei, a member of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species complex, and has been reported in tropical regions; however, it has not yet been reported in Pakistan. In this study, a comprehensive morph-molecular analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence of Rhipicephalus sp. in Pakistan. Hard ticks, particularly Rhipicephalus species, were collected from dogs, donkeys, wild boars and goats in 26 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The collected specimens were morphologically identified as a member of Rh. sanguineus species complex, characterized by a reddish-brown conscutum, angled basis capituli, and distinct genitalia, and further confirmed by molecular-based analysis using 16 S rDNA, cox1 and 12 S rDNA sequencing. The BLAST analysis for 16 S rDNA revealed 97.93–100% identity with Rh. sanguineus reported from Pakistan, followed by 96.12–97.4% identity with the sequences from neighboring countries. Furthermore, the 16 S rDNA sequence showed 99.63% identity with Rhipicephalus sp. morphotype III, 96.40-94.16% identity with Rh. linnaei, 96.40% with Rhipicephalus secundus, 94.77% with Rhipicephalus turanicus and 94.56% with Rh. turanicus. In the case of cox1 sequences showed 99.24–100% identity with Rh. sanguineus from Pakistan, followed by 98.86% identity with the sequences from neighboring countries. Whereas the cox1 sequence showed 89.58–92.23% identity with Rh. linnaei, 91.45% with Rh. secundus and 90.24–90.78% with Rh. turanicus. The 12 S rDNA sequence showed 99.59% and 99.36% maximum identity with Rhipicephalus sp. morphotype III, followed by 94.7% identity with Rh. turanicus, 94.53% with Rh. secundus, 93.09% with Rh. linnaei, and 91.4% with Rh. sanguineus. This study found no evidence of Rh. linnaei, and identified a distinct lineage of Rhipicephalus species, clustered with Rhipicephalus sp. III in clade I, within the Rh. sanguineus species complex from Pakistan. Further mitogenome and nuclear data are needed to clarify taxonomic status and genetic variability of Rhipicephalus species in the region. These findings have important implications for understanding the epidemiology of Rhipicephalus species complex.
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