ArticleBiomedical optics express2026
Stiles-Crawford effect in infrared two-photon vision.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Photopic pupil size, foveal anatomy and emmetropisation: a cross-sectional study in adult eyes.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pulsed IR light can be perceived as visible through a non-linear two-photon (2P) absorption process. Similar to visible light, the Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE-I) predicts that the perceived brightness in 2P vision depends on the location of the incoming beam in the pupil. This study compared the SC effect intensity for both visible and IR light. The average (±1 SD) characteristic directionality parameter obtained from 11 participants was 0.080 ± 0.049 mm
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.