ArticleBiomedical optics express2026
Adaptive optics stimulated Raman scattering microscopy for topical product pharmacokinetic imaging.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Topically applied drug products are used to treat various dermatological conditions, enabling local and targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. To ensure appropriate topical drug efficacy and delivery, it is necessary to understand the pharmacokinetics of topical drug uptake. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, a chemically specific imaging modality, is well-suited to quantitatively measure the spatiotemporal kinetics of topical drug permeation in skin. However, SRS imaging depth in skin is often limited due to skin heterogeneity and scattering effects, distorting the laser focus and reducing the SRS signal. Adaptive optics (AO) can help overcome and correct depth limitations by adjusting wavefront shape and improving laser focus with a programmable optical element, such as a deformable membrane mirror. Previous work has demonstrated the use of AO in optimizing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal in tissue imaging. In this study, we evaluated the ability of AO to improve the SRS signal in tissue imaging using a deformable membrane mirror as the AO element, which utilized a simulated annealing algorithm to search for mirror shapes producing optimal SRS signal at different tissue imaging depths. AO SRS images had an 11% increase in SRS signal intensity and >350% increase in image contrast between high and low signal regions compared to non-AO SRS images in nude mouse ear skin at the same depth. Mirror shapes optimized at greater imaging depths produced increased SRS intensity and contrast for a range of imaging depths (up to 290
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.