Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41532075›Full record

ArticleSmall science2026

Unveiling the Unprecedented Optical Properties of Citrate-Stabilized Hollow AgAu Nanoshells Under Photothermal Irradiation.

Gregory Q Wallace, Jennifer Gracie, Amritpal Singh, Benjamin Clark, Kellie Jenkinson, Sara Bals, W Ewen Smith, Tell Tuttle, Karen Faulds, Duncan Graham

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Gregory Q WallaceDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-3734
Jennifer GracieDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9830-9932
Amritpal SinghDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK.
Benjamin ClarkDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.
Kellie JenkinsonResearch Group EMAT Department of Physics, and Nanolab Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium.
Sara BalsResearch Group EMAT Department of Physics, and Nanolab Centre of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-8017
W Ewen SmithDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.
Tell TuttleDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-8921
Karen FauldsDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-7399
Duncan GrahamDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry Technology and Innovation Centre University of Strathclyde 99 George Street Glasgow G1 1RD UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6079-2105

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metallic nanoshells heat efficiently on excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Whilst investigating the photothermal properties of citrate-stabilized hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) synthesized using a sacrificial silver nanoparticle (AgNPs), the LSPR undergoes a distinct blueshift (70 ± 20 nm (0.20 ± 0.06 eV)) when photothermally irradiated. Notably, when functionalized with a Raman reporter, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal unexpectedly and dramatically increases 8 ± 2-fold upon plasmonic heating, despite the LSPR shifting away from the excitation wavelength. This unprecedented enhancement of the SERS signal is absent in samples lacking citrate or prepared using a cobalt nanoparticle template, underscoring the importance of citrate, heat, and AgNPs in eliciting these effects. It is hypothesized that aqueous silver ions near the surface of the HGNs react with the citrate and form a complex that is both light and temperature sensitive. The formation of silver deposits, observed by electron microscopy, alters the core-to-shell thickness ratio, resulting in a blueshift in the LSPR, and change the scattering to absorption properties, enabling an improved SERS performance. This new optical phenomenon has now been understood and will be of significant interest to future studies in harnessing the properties of HGNs.

Indexed as

citrateextinction spectroscopyhollow gold nanoshellsphotothermal irradiationplasmonicssilversurface‐enhanced Raman scattering

Identifiers

PMID41532075
PMCPMC12794676

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.