ArticleSmall science2026
Triplet RNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Locoregional Cancer Immunotherapy.
Article in Small science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antisense oligonucleotide treatment following viral delivery of artificial SOD1-targeting miRNA shows improved efficacy in SOD1-G93A mice.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Lipid Nanoparticle-Encapsulated PolyI:C as an Adjuvant Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to the Hepatitis B Vaccine.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Triplet RNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Locoregional Cancer Immunotherapy.Small science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a proven means of delivering nucleic acid-based therapeutics. This project aims to expand the LNP platform for the delivery of immunostimulatory polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIpC). It is demonstrated that pIpC could be successfully incorporated into LNPs with minimal modification to existing protocols. LNPs encapsulating pIpC (pIpC-LNPs) exhibit a spherical shape with a diameter under 200 nm. When administered intratumorally, pIpC-LNPs are significantly more potent than the soluble adjuvant, resulting in complete remission in 25% of tumors. To identify potential synergistic targets, T cell activation markers are screened following pIpC-LNP treatment. OX40 and CD27 are strongly upregulated and associated with intratumoral pIpC-LNP administration. Furthermore, direct treatment of a cancer cell line with pIpC-LNPs results in upregulation of the immunosuppressive PDL1. To develop a comprehensive RNA-based immunotherapeutic strategy, LNPs are formulated with mRNAs encoding CD70 (the CD27 ligand) and OX40L, or with siRNA targeting PDL1, and are evaluated in combination. Tumor growth reduction is observed when pIpC-LNPs are combined with siPDL1. This study demonstrates the potential of a triplet RNA platform-comprising immunostimulatory RNA, mRNA, and siRNA, delivered via a single versatile LNP. The data support development of pIpC-LNPs as potent intratumoral therapeutics and highlight several potential synergistic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.