ArticleiScience2026
Spaceflight alters the immune regulatory functions of neutrophil granulocytes on T lymphocytes.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Advances in the study of low-density neutrophils in rheumatic diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spaceflight leads to dysregulation in the immune system. This study reports that neutrophils from astronauts undergo functional alterations and modulate T cell responses after spaceflight, analyzing samples from astronauts on an 18-day orbital mission (axiom mission 3, Ax-3) and a short suborbital flight. Normal-density neutrophils (NDN) and low-density neutrophils (LDN) were collected before and after the missions. Following the spaceflight, there was an increase in the LDN population. Post-flight neutrophils showed altered activation traits, including significantly upregulated surface markers like CD11b, CD80, CD86 on NDN, and CD11b, CD69 on LDN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production capacity was also enhanced. Post-flight neutrophils, particularly the LDN subpopulation, significantly suppressed IL-2 and tended to suppress IFN-γ secretion, although T cell proliferation was not significantly changed. In conclusion, neutrophils in the circulation of astronauts soon after return to Earth displayed augmented suppressive capacities on T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.