Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41531664›Full record

ArticleHemaSphere2026

Drivers of clinical resistance to venetoclax and hypomethylating agents in acute myeloid leukemia and strategies for improving efficacy.

Ida Vänttinen, Joseph Saad, Tanja Ruokoranta, Sari Kytölä, Guangrong Qin, Bahar Tercan, Pia Ettala, Anu Partanen, Marja Pyörälä, Johanna Rimpiläinen and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in HemaSphere, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ida VänttinenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9764-3477
Joseph SaadInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-0328
Tanja RuokorantaInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-8599
Sari KytöläDepartment of Hematology Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center Helsinki Finland.
Guangrong QinInstitute for Systems Biology (ISB) Seattle Washington United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-1246
Bahar TercanInstitute for Systems Biology (ISB) Seattle Washington United States.
Pia EttalaDepartment of Clinical Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit Turku University Hospital Turku Finland.
Anu PartanenDepartment of Medicine Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-2582
Marja PyöräläDepartment of Medicine Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-4665
Johanna RimpiläinenDepartment of Internal Medicine Tampere University Hospital Tampere Finland.
Timo SiitonenCancer Center, Oulu University Hospital and Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland.
Mikko ManninenOrton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-8821
Peter J M ValkDepartment of Hematology Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-9461
Gerwin HulsDepartment of Hematology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6789-6433
Vésteinn ThorssonInstitute for Systems Biology (ISB) Seattle Washington United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-2378
Caroline A HeckmanInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4324-8706
Mika KontroInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-0664
Heikki KuusanmäkiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-0408

Funding

Prototype System for AML Digital TwinsR01CA270210 · NCI · INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY · PI VESTEINN THORSSON · 2023 to 2026
$2.8M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA270210
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) has improved treatment outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy and is increasingly used in the relapsed/refractory setting. However, primary resistance remains a significant challenge, affecting 20%-35% of treatment-naïve and around 50% of previously treated AML patients. To investigate the mechanisms driving primary resistance to VEN-HMA therapy, we analyzed genetic, transcriptomic, BCL-2 family protein expression, and ex vivo drug sensitivity data from 101 AML patients and correlated these profiles with clinical outcomes to VEN-HMA. Our study found that blasts from refractory patients exhibit an elevated BCL-XL/BCL-2 protein expression ratio, an immature CD34

Identifiers

PMID41531664
PMCPMC12793093

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.