ArticleRisk management and healthcare policy2026
Development and Validation of the Needle Stick Injury Prevention Beliefs Scale (NSI-PBS) Based on the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Article in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are among the most frequent and preventable risks to healthcare workers. Behavioral models like the Health Belief Model (HBM) offer valuable insight into preventive behaviors, including those related to NSI. However, no validated tools currently exist to assess NSI-related beliefs using the HBM. Objective: To develop and validate the NSI-Prevention Beliefs Scale (NSI-PBS), a tool grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), to examine nurses' perception about NSI risk and prevention. Methods: The study followed a structured scale development process, including literature review, expert validation, and a cross-sectional survey of 545 nurses was directed in July 2025. Psychometric evaluation involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA), as well as internal consistency testing, and measurement error assessment. Results: EFA identified a six-factor solution aligned with HBM domains: "Susceptibility, Severity, Benefits, Barriers, Cues to Action, and Self-Efficacy". CFA confirmed good model fit (CFI =0.926, TLI =0.914, RMSEA =0.063, SRMR =0.058). All subscales demonstrated strong reliability (α =0.81-0.93; ω =0.82-0.93). The final version of this scale produced 25 items and showed robust psychometric properties, theoretical coherence, clear factorial structure, and low measurement error. Conclusion: This study contributes to literature by adding a new psychometrically sound and theory-based instrument for assessing NSI prevention beliefs among nurses. The NSI-PBS can be used to measure NSI-Prevention Beliefs in clinical settings and in designing training, risk profiling, and safety interventions for nursing staff and other healthcare workers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.