ArticleWomen's health nursing (Seoul, Korea)2025
Factors affecting menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in Korean women of reproductive age: an exploratory correlational study.
Article in Women's health nursing (Seoul, Korea), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination on menstrual cycle changes among Korean women of reproductive age.
methodsThis exploratory correlational study used data from an online, self-administered questionnaire obtained from the Korea Social Science Data Center database. The survey assessed menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination among Korean women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were menstruating regularly and had a history of COVID-19 vaccination. Data were collected between February and March 2023. A total of 227 participants who completed the online questionnaire were included in the analysis.
resultsThe risk of menstrual cycle changes was higher among older women (reference group: 40-49 years; 15-19 years: odds ratio [OR], 0.25 [p=.006]; 30-39 years: OR, 0.03 [p=.030]), women with obesity (reference group: body mass index [BMI] >23 kg/m2; BMI <18.5 kg/m2: OR, 0.03 [p=.030]; BMI 18.5-22.9: OR, 0.002 [p=.002]), and unmarried women (OR, 3.02). Increased risk was also observed among participants with a history of COVID-19 infection (OR, 3.46; p=.015), those who received the second or lower dose of the vaccine, and those reporting excessive menstrual flow (OR, 2.07; p=.015), intermenstrual symptoms (OR, 2.72; p=.037), or irregular menstruation (OR; 5.37, p<.001).
conclusionMenstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination appear to be influenced by multiple factors, particularly the interaction between a history of irregular menstruation and environmental conditions. Further longitudinal studies and tailored management strategies for specific subgroups, including unmarried and obese women, are needed to support women's health and quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.