Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41531243›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Mechanism-informed machine learning for individualized tacrolimus dose adjustment in the early post-kidney transplant period.

Hui Yu, Zihan Qin, Logan S Smith, Jeong M Park, Hao-Jie Zhu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hui YuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1957-4622
Zihan QinDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Logan S SmithDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Jeong M ParkDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Hao-Jie ZhuDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Funding

Research Stimulus Award from the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTacrolimus dosing in the early post-kidney transplant period is challenging due to a narrow therapeutic index and substantial interindividual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability. This study aimed to develop and validate mechanism-informed machine learning (ML) models to support individualized tacrolimus dosing during this critical period.

methodsA total of 4311 tacrolimus trough concentrations (C

resultsThe mechanism-informed GRU model outperformed the Bayesian PopPK model in both internal validation (MSE = 7.81 vs. 9.27 ng

conclusionMechanism-informed ML models offer a robust and interpretable approach for individualized tacrolimus dosing, with the potential to improve therapeutic target attainment by enabling accurate dose adjustments in the early post-transplant period.

Indexed as

Immunosuppressive AgentsKidney TransplantationMachine LearningTacrolimusAdultBayes TheoremBoosting Machine Learning AlgorithmsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug MonitoringFemaleGraft RejectionHumansMaleMiddle AgedModels, BiologicalPrecision MedicineImmunosuppressive AgentsTacrolimuskidney transplantationmachine learningpharmacokineticsprecision dosingtacrolimus

Identifiers

PMID41531243
PMCPMC13206353

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.