Observational studyBiology of sex differences2026
Sex differences in primary Sjögren's disease: prognostic impact on mortality and cancer.
Observational study in Biology of sex differences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06528197 (Construction of Clinical Model of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Combined Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Based on Multi-omics), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Construction of Clinical Model of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome Combined Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Based on Multi-omics
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- AssociatedPublication
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the impact of sex on mortality and malignancy in patients with primary Sjögren's disease (pSD).
methodsThis ambispective cohort study included 1,182 pSD patients (1,025 women and 157 men) from the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between 2014-2023 and followed through 2024. Survival outcomes were estimated via Kaplan-Meier curves, and SMRs were calculated. Independent risk factors were identified via multivariate Cox regression, followed by stepwise Cox, sex-stratified and interaction analyses.
resultsDuring follow-up, 125 deaths (10.6%) and 33 malignancies (2.8%) occurred, both of which were more common in men (log-rank tests, P < 0.001). Overall mortality was markedly higher in men (25.5%, SMR = 4.79) than in women (8.3%, SMR = 2.42). Male sex was independently associated with higher risk of mortality (HR = 1.998, P = 0.004) and cancer incidence (HR = 3.799, P = 0.001). Sex-stratified analyses revealed distinct death-associated factors: interstitial lung disease (ILD), pulmonary infection and ischemic stroke were independently associated with mortality in men, whereas older age, low C3, elevated C-reactive protein and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels were associated with mortality in women. With respect to cancer, longer disease duration, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytopenia, elevated TBIL and hypochloremia were independently associated with cancer risk in women, whereas no variables showed an independent association with cancer risk among men. Interaction analyses demonstrated additive interactions between male sex and elevated ESSDAI scores, as well as male sex and concomitant ILD, in relation to mortality.
conclusionCompared with women, men with pSD presented greater risks and distinct risk profiles of death and malignancy. Moreover, male sex was independently associated with adverse outcomes and acted as an important effect modifier, highlighting the need for sex-specific risk stratification and clinical management.
trial registrationThis ambispective cohort study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registry (ID: NCT06528197) on June 27, 2024 and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.