Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41530803›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of medical research2026

The safety and efficacy of GD2-targeted CAR-T cells in patients with neuroblastoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mohammad Amin Habibi, Ali Zand, Behrouz Robat-Jazi, Alireza Khodadadiyan, Mohsen Dashti, Negar Nejati, Parsa Lorestan, Zahra Karimizadeh, Mahsa Ahmadpour, Farzad Maleki and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mohammad Amin HabibiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ali ZandDepartment of Medicine, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Behrouz Robat-JaziInflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza KhodadadiyanCardiovascular Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Mohsen DashtiImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Negar NejatiPediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Parsa LorestanStudents Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Zahra KarimizadehPediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Centre, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mahsa AhmadpourShahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Farzad MalekiSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. malekiifarzad@gmail.com.
Sajjad AhmadpourPatient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. sajjadahmadpour@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesNeuroblastoma (NB) is a common and life-threatening pediatric solid tumor with a poor prognosis, especially in high-risk patients. Although anti-disialoganglioside GD2 (GD2) monoclonal antibodies improve survival, relapse and resistance remain major challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GD2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy in NB patients.

methodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until September 30, 2025. Eligible studies were clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of GD2-targeted CAR-T-cell therapy in NB patients. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment. The random-effects meta-analysis model was used to calculate pooled amounts.

resultsEight studies that included 146 patients with NB were included. The pooled complete response (CR) rate was 39.57% (21.17-57.96), and the partial response (PR) rate was 15.83% (5.02-30.45). Additionally, the rates of progressive disease (PD) and stable disease (SD) were 20.9% (3.06-46.67) and 30.76% (12.81-51.91), respectively. The most common "any grade" adverse events (AEs) was anemia, at 97.43% (81.51-100), and the most common "grade ≥ 3" AEs was neutropenia, at 93.46% (72.65-100). Subgroup analyses revealed that CAR-T-cell generation and its components influenced efficacy and safety.

conclusionCAR-T-cell therapy targeting the GD2 antigen is promising for treating NB. However, its efficacy is moderate, and treatment can lead to hematologic toxicities such as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, which require careful monitoring.

Indexed as

CAR-T-cell therapyChimeric antigen receptorGD2ImmunotherapyNeuroblastoma

Identifiers

PMID41530803
PMCPMC12888293

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.